See -ensis on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēnsis"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin -ēnsis",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin -ēnsis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ense",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "adjective-forming suffix",
"4": "",
"5": "neuter",
"6": "-ense",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"g1": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ensis m or f (adjective-forming suffix, neuter -ense)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form specific epithets indicating a species found or living in a specified area."
],
"id": "en--ensis-mul-suffix-b~MF9rSS",
"links": [
[
"specific epithet",
"specific epithet#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ensis"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-esh"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "-ès"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "-és"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "-enser"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "-ês"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "-és"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ense"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "-ese"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ense"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "-és"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "-èis"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "-èise"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ese"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ez"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "-ais"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ez"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "-ois"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"word": "-ais"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"word": "-ouais"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "-eis"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "-ês"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ense"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "-isi"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "-isa"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "-és"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ense"
},
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ensis"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "-wys"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"id": "from a place",
"pos": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ett",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Italic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-went-ti-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-went-ti-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐνς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐνς (ens)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁én"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁én",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Various theories have been put forward:\n* Hermann Gähwiler (1962), building on a suggestion by Manu Leumann, proposes a borrowing from Etruscan on the basis that its earliest attested non-toponymic use is in the term ātriēnsis, and the Roman ātrium was an Etruscan import. A similar suffix is attested in Etruscan patronymics.\n* Paavo Castrén (1981) rejects the relevance of ātriēnsis, viewing it as a later development. On the basis of various ancient, then-extinct peoples of Latium with names in -ēnsēs mentioned by Pliny the Elder, Castrén situates the emergence of the suffix in the late Proto-Villanovan period, perhaps as a borrowing from another Italic language.\n* Chantal Kircher-Durand (1983) suggests a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *-went-ti- (< *-wénts, *-tis), but considers Gähwiler’s thesis plausible.\n* A. Zimmermann (1921) suggests a lost cognate of Ancient Greek ἐνς (ens), variant of εἰς (eis) (< Proto-Indo-European *h₁én) + -ī.\nContrast Catalan -enc and Occitan -enc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ēnsis",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ēnsis"
},
"expansion": "-ēnsis (neuter -ēnse); third-declension two-termination suffix",
"name": "la-suffix-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ēnsis"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin third declension suffixes of two terminations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or from [a place]."
],
"id": "en--ensis-la-suffix-B543ArL1",
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ānus"
},
{
"word": "-īnus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"morpheme",
"suffix",
"two-termination"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Latium",
"Manu Leumann",
"Pliny the Elder",
"Proto-Villanovan culture"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈẽː.sɪs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɛn.sis]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-ensis"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-esh"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "-ès"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "-és"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "-enser"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "-ês"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "-és"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ense"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "-ese"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ense"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "-és"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "-èis"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "-èise"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ese"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ez"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "-ais"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ez"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "-ois"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"word": "-ais"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"word": "-ouais"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "-eis"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "-ês"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ense"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "-isi"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "-isa"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "-és"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ense"
},
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ensis"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "-wys"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"id": "from a place",
"pos": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ett",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Italic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-went-ti-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-went-ti-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐνς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐνς (ens)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁én"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁én",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Various theories have been put forward:\n* Hermann Gähwiler (1962), building on a suggestion by Manu Leumann, proposes a borrowing from Etruscan on the basis that its earliest attested non-toponymic use is in the term ātriēnsis, and the Roman ātrium was an Etruscan import. A similar suffix is attested in Etruscan patronymics.\n* Paavo Castrén (1981) rejects the relevance of ātriēnsis, viewing it as a later development. On the basis of various ancient, then-extinct peoples of Latium with names in -ēnsēs mentioned by Pliny the Elder, Castrén situates the emergence of the suffix in the late Proto-Villanovan period, perhaps as a borrowing from another Italic language.\n* Chantal Kircher-Durand (1983) suggests a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *-went-ti- (< *-wénts, *-tis), but considers Gähwiler’s thesis plausible.\n* A. Zimmermann (1921) suggests a lost cognate of Ancient Greek ἐνς (ens), variant of εἰς (eis) (< Proto-Indo-European *h₁én) + -ī.\nContrast Catalan -enc and Occitan -enc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ēnsis",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnse",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēnsia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ēnsis"
},
"expansion": "-ēnsis (neuter -ēnse); third-declension two-termination suffix",
"name": "la-suffix-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ēnsis"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ānus"
},
{
"word": "-īnus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjective-forming suffixes",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin suffixes",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Latin third declension suffixes",
"Latin third declension suffixes of two terminations",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Of or from [a place]."
],
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"morpheme",
"suffix",
"two-termination"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Latium",
"Manu Leumann",
"Pliny the Elder",
"Proto-Villanovan culture"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈẽː.sɪs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɛn.sis]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-ensis"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēnsis"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin -ēnsis",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin -ēnsis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ense",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "adjective-forming suffix",
"4": "",
"5": "neuter",
"6": "-ense",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"g1": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ensis m or f (adjective-forming suffix, neuter -ense)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Translingual adjective-forming suffixes",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual feminine suffixes",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual masculine suffixes",
"Translingual suffixes",
"Translingual suffixes with multiple genders",
"Translingual terms borrowed from Latin",
"Translingual terms derived from Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form specific epithets indicating a species found or living in a specified area."
],
"links": [
[
"specific epithet",
"specific epithet#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ensis"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ensis meaning in All languages combined (8.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: adjective-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ensis"
],
"section": "Translingual",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ensis",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"-ensis",
"Template:bor",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:borrowed()"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "",
"title": "-ensis",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 5531137<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Wed, 22 Apr 2026 10:25:21 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-04-01 using wiktextract (7de0cf9 and 9452535). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.